History of wine making in Zimbabwe
Introduction
The pioneers brought vines to Rhodesia, as Zimbabwe was then called, in about 1890, but grape growing was not undertaken commercially until about 1960. Rene Paynter, among other determined men, tested a variety of vines at Arlington in Umwinsdale, New Salisbury. Paynter eventually produced and marketed a white wine (St Christopher) and a light red (Rosa Maria) from isabella grapes in 1963.
Trade sanctions imposed by Britain after the Rhodesian government declared its independence in 1965 forced farmers to diversify and some, encouraged by Paynter’s success, planted vines. David Hughes, distiller and wine production manager of African Distillers, imported 6,000 vines: clairette blanche, white french, pinotage (a pinot/hermitage cross), steen (chenin blanc) and red muscadel. These were distributed to the Eastern Districts, Hippo Valley, Marandellas and the Mazoe Valley. A group of farmers in Essexvale, Matabeleland, found the area promising. With ideal soil and low summer rainfall, there would be few problems from rain during ripening and harvesting, and irrigation would make up for the lack of winter rain. In Bulawayo, Monis Wineries established a winery that has since become one of the country’s leaders. Both Monis and African Distillers, with vineyards near Odzi, helped local farmers by acquiring the best vines for them and guaranteeing to buy their crops at realistic prices.

When Zimbabwe gained independence in 1980, the wine industry was integrated under the control of three wineries: African Distillers (AFDIS), Cairns Wineries and Meadows Estate.
When it started in 1944, African Distillers (Rhodesia) Ltd was known as P. J. Joubert (Bulawayo) Ltd. Initially, it was a distributor of imported spirits, liquors and wine, but after acquiring its own distillery in Mutare and changing its name in 1946, it produced a range of spirits. In 1974 the company moved to its 100-acre (40-ha) headquarters at Stapleford with distribution centers at Bulawayo, Harare, Kweke, Masuingo, Mutare and Victoria Falls. High-quality wines are produced here under the supervision of New Zealand wine consultant Clive Hartnell for the Stapleford labels. AFDIS now owns three wine estates (Worringham Vineyard, Green Valley Vineyards and Bertrams Vineyards) producing 350,000 cases annually.
Worringham Vineyards was purchased in 1970, in the hills of Esigodoni, New Bulawayo, with 110 acres (45 ha) under vines on shale, slate and granite soil: chenin blanc, sauvignon, semillon, merlot, pinotage and cabernet sauvignon. Green Valley Vineyards was purchased in 1975, in the foothills of the Eastern Highlands about 15 miles (25 km) from Mutare. This 620-acre (250-ha) estate has 135 acres (55 ha) under vines on sandy loam soil: chardonnay, cabernet sauvignon, merlot, clairette blanche, colombard and ruby cabernet. Bertrams Vineyards was purchased in 1980, just outside Gweru with 100 acres (40 ha) under vines on deep red loam soil: sauvignon, colombard, chenin blanc, pinotage, merlot, cabernet sauvignon, crouchen, muscat d’alexandrie.
In 1977 Cairns Holdings acquired full control of the Baoceas family’s Monis Wineries. As production increased, a new winery, Mikuyu, was built in Marondera and placed under the direction of Australian winemaker Stuart Blackwell. In 1980 Cairns acquired Mateppe Estate and Ian Sieg took over as winemaker. Within a decade, new warehouses had been built and new bottling lines were installed at Mikuyu winery. Today, under the supervision of talented winemaker Sam Pfidayi, Cairns grows chardonnay, chenin blanc, semillon, sauvignon, merlot, pinot noir, shiraz, gamay, cabernet sauvignon, colombard and pinot blanc. Wines from Mikuyu vineyards are of excellent quality. The vineyard area is about 143 acres (58 ha) with an annual production of 140,000 cases.
The original Meadows Estate vineyard was originally hacked out of virgin bush in 1899 by Englishman, Harold Christian. The Simleit family then acquired and owned Meadows Estate for three generations, but it was not until 1986 that it began producing very fine chardonnay, buckentraube, chenin blanc, gewuerztraminer and colombard in beautiful surroundings about 22 miles (36 km) north of Harare. In 1955, David Simleit sold Meadows Estate vineyards to Rosanna Rose Farms and the brand name was acquired by Cairns, who produce specially selected wines under this label. A vineyard area of 120 acres (50 ha) produces about 4,000 cases per year.
Culled fromFrom “Encyclopedia of Wine”
©Global Book Publishing Pty Limited 2000